Jun 26, 2024  
2012-2013 College of Liberal Arts Catalog 
    
2012-2013 College of Liberal Arts Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 
  
  • SOC 302 - Urban Sociology

    4 credits
    A sociological and historical examination of the city as a geographical, cultural, economic and political entity. Investigates processes of urbanization, suburbanization and globalization as forces shaping the current organization of social life. Topics covered include stratification, urban politics, international urbanization and social change. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration. Same as: RLSOC+106. Offered in alternate years.
  
  • SOC 303 - Social Change

    4 credits
    A sociological, historical, and cross-cultural examination of social change. Covers theories of change and explores its many forms. Topics include the relationships of ideology and consciousness, technology, and demography to social change, and the making of societal change through social movements and revolutions. Examines change in both industrialized and Third World nations. Focuses on change in gender systems and the efforts of a variety of marginalized groups to transform the status quo. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Offered annually. CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SOC 304 - Sociology of Immigration

    4 credits
    A sociological and historical study of the issues surrounding immigration. The first section of the class looks at the macro side of immigration: some basic history of immigration waves to the U.S., causes and patterns of immigration, and issues such as immigrants in labor markets, economic and academic assimilation, immigrant crime, and the politics surrounding immigration both in the U.S. and abroad. The second section explores the micro side: the personal experience of immigration, immigrant identity, alienation, cultural assimilation, and acculturative stress. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Offering to be determined. CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SOC 307 - Criminology

    4 credits
    An analysis of the sociological aspects of crime with particular attention to the theoretical definition and the statistical incidence of criminal behavior in the United States. Focuses on major sociological theories of crime, the analysis of homicide, and sociohistorical attempts to control crime and rehabilitate criminals. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or equivalent. Offered annually.
  
  • SOC 308 - Sociology of Population

    4 credits
    An introductory examination of the social study of population. Topics include current concern about population expansion; history of global demographic increases and decreases; examination of important demographic theories, particularly those of Malthus and Marx; analysis of the major demographic variables of fertility, mortality, and migration. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Offering to be determined.
  
  • SOC 309 - Sociology of Mass Communications

    4 credits
    An overview of how the mass media and American cultural, political and economic institutions mutually affect each other. Systems of mass communication examined include books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, and television. Two topics to be emphasized are: 1) the production, control, and consumption of various forms of information in the mass media; 2) comparative analyses of the uses of mass media in different countries. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Same as: BKHIS+810. Offered fall semester.
  
  • SOC 311 - Sociology of Health and Illness

    4 credits
    A survey of the important themes involved in the sociological analysis of health problems and their treatment. Topics include different health care systems, doctor-patient relationships, professional socialization, other health care providers, epidemiology, and the social-psychological aspects of medical technology. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permissions of the instructor. Offered spring semester.
  
  • SOC 314 - Engendering Prison

    4 credits
    This course engages students in a critical analysis of the causes and consequences of the recent growth in the prison-industrial complex in the United States. We will use readings, assignments and lectures to explore the role of social systems of stratification (particularly race, class, and gender) in shaping the U.S. prison industry. One of the most valuable resources we will have to explore these issues is our partnership with a local prison. The course will use readings, lectures, assignments and class discussions to explore the following themes: the rise of mass incarceration in the U.S.; gendered pathways to prison; gendered experiences of incarceration; gendered risks of entry. Most of the classes will be held at the Edna Mahn Correctional Facility for Women, the only women’s prison in NJ. This course uses the Inside-Out model which is dialogue-based and highly interactive. Enrollment priority: Priority given to sociology majors. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of the instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered Annually. CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SOC 315 - Political Sociology

    4 credits
    A presentation of the main themes and the dominant theoretical perspectives involved in the study of political processes and political institutions. Topics include politics, elections, nation building, national elites and public policy making, parties, and social movements. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Same as: RLSOC+115. Offered spring semester.
  
  • SOC 316 - Sociology of National Development

    4 credits
    Seeks the understanding of socioeconomic and political changes in the contemporary societies from a historical and comparative perspective. Deals with two major issues: The development of wealthy nations and the underdevelopment of poor nations. Covers the major theories of development, e.g., modernization, dependency, and world-system theories, as well as discussions of empirical issues, e.g., starvation, illiteracy, the destruction of the environment. Addresses topics such as peasant revolts, revolutions, liberation movements, alternative paths to national development (e.g. socialism, capitalism) and how these events, social processes, and alternatives affect the domestic situation of each society and the international community. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Same as: RLSOC+116. Offering to be determined.
  
  • SOC 318 - Sociology of Education

    4 credits
    An analysis of the institutionalized ways of educating and training people in the United States. Emphasizes the functions of education for maintaining and/or changing the social structure. Examines the purposes and needs of the intellectual community. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Offering to be determined.
  
  • SOC 320 - Sociology of Mental Health and Illness

    4 credits
    This course will provide an overview of the ways in which a sociological perspective informs our understanding of mental health and illness and will cover the historical, social, and cultural contexts encompassing the experience of mental illness. This course emphasizes social, rather than the biological or medical, factors in order to gain a better understanding of the meaning and precursors of mental illness, paying particular attention to the ways in which these processes differ across social groups. We will discuss how mental illness is defined and how those definitions are applied to different people. In addition, we will examine how persons with mental illness are cared for and how “care” has changed over time. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Offered annually.
  
  • SOC 323 - Supervised Sociological Field Study

    4 credits
    An overview of the main components of qualitative research in sociology with particular emphasis placed on participant observation methodology. Students are required to observe human behavior in a field setting (e.g., community agency, factory, hospital, corporation, day care center) and to execute a research project using a theoretical framework and observational methodology. Tutorial conferences with the instructor are required as well as weekly seminar meetings. Prerequisite: SOC 101 . Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered spring semester.
  
  • SOC 325 - Classical Sociological Theory

    4 credits
    An examination of classical sociological theory, including the works of such theorists as Addams, DuBois, Durkheim, Martineau, Marx, Simmel, and Weber. Objectives include (1) assessment of how social and intellectual forces influenced the development of these theories; (2) examination of the construction and testing of specific theories; and (3) demonstration of how classical theory has contributed to the development of contemporary sociological theory. Prerequisite: SOC 101 . Same as: HISTG+125. Same as: HISTG+125. Offered fall semester.
  
  • SOC 326 - Contemporary Sociological Theory

    4 credits
    An examination of theory building and testing in contemporary sociology. The course is divided into two parts. The first part examines the general principles, procedures, and criteria used in the construction and the testing of contemporary sociological theories. The second part systematically assesses how various contemporary theories such as conflict, exchange, feminist theory, functionalism, neo-Marxist theory, postmodern theories, and symbolic interactionism have been constructed and tested. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Same as: HISTG+127. Offered spring semester in alternate years.
  
  • SOC 330 - Theories of Collective Action and Social Movements

    4 credits
    An introduction to the study of collective action from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. Theories reviewed include mass society, resource mobilization, and new social movements’ theories to examine different episodes of collective action, such as European food riots, American race riots, Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in France, the American civil rights movement, Latin America populism, and the Semana Tragica in Barcelona. Students are required to work on team projects to analyze a social movement or other forms of collective action. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. Offering to be determined.
  
  • SOC 385 - Independent Research/ Off-Campus Programs

    4 credits
    Independent investigation of a sociological topic relating to an off-campus/study abroad program. The research proposal and the final paper must be read and approved by a member of the sociology faculty. Prerequisite: SOC 101 . Offered every semester.
  
  • SOC 391 - Contemporary Issues in Sociology: US Topics

    2-4 credits
    An examination of contemporary issues and topics in sociology with a focus on diversity in the U.S. Possible topics include race, class, gender, age, disability, and religion and/or other forms of inequality/difference. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Prerequisite:  SOC 101  or permission of instructor. CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SOC 392 - Contemporary Issues in Sociology: International Topics

    2-4 credits
    An examination of contemporary issues and topics in sociology with an international/transnational diversity focus. Possible topics include globalization, migration, culture, and the environment, among others. The course will cover at least one country other than the U.S. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Prerequisite: SOC 101  or permission of instructor. CLA-Diversity International
  
  • SOC 394 - Contemporary Issues in Sociology: Interdisciplinary International Topics

    2-4 credits
    An examination of contemporary issues and topics in sociology with an international/transnational diversity focus, using at least two disciplinary perspectives. Possible topics include globalization, migration, culture, and the environment, among others. The course will cover at least one country other than the U.S.
    May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Prerequisites:   SOC 101  or permission of the instructor. CLA-Breadth/Interdisciplinary, CLA-Diversity International
  
  • SOC 400 - Senior Seminar in Sociology

    4 credits
    A research seminar in sociological theory and methods. Students formulate a research project combining theory and methods for presentation to the seminar. Students meet in seminar and tutorial sessions. Open only to senior sociology majors. Prerequisite: SOC 101 . Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered spring semester. CLA-Capstone
  
  • SOC 410 - Specialized Honors I

    0 - 8 credits
    CLA-Capstone, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SOC 411 - Specialized Honors II

    0 - 8 credits
    CLA-Capstone, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 101 - Fundamentals of Oral and Written Spanish I

    4 credits
    An introduction to the language and cultures of the Spanish-speaking world. Development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing using a communicative, proficiency-oriented approach. Interactive practice is enhanced by multimedia/technology. Designed for students who have not taken Spanish before. Twenty-five percent of the course done outside class using various technologies. Typically geared for students with less than two yars if Spanish in High School. Special sections othe course may be offered for students who have never studied Spanish. Offered every semester.
  
  • SPAN 102 - Fundamentals of Oral and Written Spanish II

    4 credits
    Continuation of the introduction to the Spanish language. Progressive mastering of the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Emphasis on using language in context to expand self-expression. Twenty five percent of the course done outside of class using various technologies. Special sections of the course may be offered with a focus on Spanish for business.  Prerequisite: SPAN 101  or placement.
  
  • SPAN 181 - Fundamentals of Oral and Written Spanish I in Spain

    4 credits
    An introduction to the language and cultures of the Spanish-speaking world. Development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing using a communicative, proficiency-oriented approach. Typically geared for students with less than two years of Spanish in High School. CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 182 - Fundamentals of Oral and Written Spanish II in Spain

    4 credits
    Continuation of the introduction to the Spanish language. Progressive mastering of the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Emphasis on using language in context to expand self-expression. Prerequisite: SPAN 101  or placement. CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 200 - Spanish Internship

    2-4 credits
    An internship where the student utilizes Spanish skills hands-on. Internship should be approved beforehand by the department. A final report is required. Amount of credit established at time of regsitration. Prerequisite: SPAN 310 , or special permission CLA-Foreign Langauge; CLA-Off-Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 201 - Intermediate Spanish

    4 credits
    Continuation of the Spanish language sequence with a concentration on refinement of skills in written expression and spoken accuracy. Uses Hispanic cultural and literary texts to assist in vocabulary expansion and to develop techniques in mastering authentic language in context. Twenty-five percent of the course done outside class using various technologies. Special sections of the course may be offered with a focus on Spanish for business.  Prerequisite: SPAN 102  or placement. Offered every semester. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 202 - Oral and Written Skills for Heritage Learners

    4 credits


    This course is designed specifically for studenrs who learned Spanish at home or in their community. It focuses on written and oral development in addition to the practice of reading and listening skills in a dynamic culturally-based context. Grammar and spelling issues problematic to students are covred as students expand their writen skills Students will also improve professional and academic public speaking skills through activities and presentations.

      Placement or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language

  
  • SPAN 250 - Selected Topics: Latin American, Peninsular or Transatlantic Contexts

    4 credits
    A study of a topic or topics in the linguistics, literature, or culture of the Spanish-speaking world outside of the United States not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish Department. The course may focus on one or more countries/groups/regions within the Spanish-speaking world outside of the United States; explore identity, national, collective or regional representations across an array of social categories as articulated in the production of one or more of these countries/groups/regions; or it may examine the linguistic, literary, or cultural production resulting from institutional, traditional or social entities/movements within the international Spanish-speaking world. In any given semester the course may be offered as a single four-credit unit or divided into two separate topics, each carrying two credits. Amount of credit established at time of registration. Taught in English. Course may be repeated for credit as topic changes. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity International
  
  • SPAN 251 - Selected Topics: U.S. & U.S.Regional Contexts

    4 credits
    A study of a topic or topics in the linguistics, literature, or culture of the Latin and/or Latino/a communities of the United States not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish Department. The course may focus on one or more Hispanic groups/regions within the United States and its outposts, such as Mexican-Americas, Cuban-Americans, and Puerto Ricans; explore identity, national, collective or regional representations across an array of social categories as articulated in the production of one or more of these groups/regions; or it may examine the linguistic, literary, or cultural production of these groups/regions resulting from institutional, traditional or social entities/movements within the United States. In any given semester the course may be offered as a single four-credit unit or divided into two separate topics, each carrying two credits. Amount of credit established at time of registration. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Taught in English. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 252 - The Culture of Melodrama in the Hispanic World

    4 credits
    This course addresses the origins, impact, and currency of the melodramatic across Spanish and Latin American culture, literature, film, music, and television. The course examines the recourse of the melodramatic within diverse emotional contexts (romantic, erotic, familial) and their relationship with varying cultural and social attitudes. The course will pay particular attention to the repetitions and excesses of melodramatic representations, and their implicit and explicit connections to gender, gender performance, sexual identity, and nationalism. Taught in English. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity International
  
  • SPAN 253 - Gender, Sexuality and Performance in Spanish Theatre

    4 credits
    This course is designed to offer an overview of Spanish theatre through representative works from the seventeenth century Golden Age to the early 20th century. Through an analysis of different dramatic genres the course explores the background and the historical, social and aesthetic development of the Spanish theatre, as well as its principal themes. We pay particular attention to these plays not just as literary artifacts, but also as texts for performance. In particular, we examine gender and sexuality both in performance and as performance - analyzing the meanings produced by gendered and sexualized bodies on stage and in audiences, as well as the constructions and manifestations of gender and sexuality through performance itself across different contexts and time periods. Taught in English. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 254 - The Making of the U.S. -Mexico Border

    4 credits
    This interdisciplinary course examines the sociopolitical construction of the border between the United States and Mexico. Students will examine the history and culture of the border region on both sides of the international boundary and how the border has defined each nation. We will examine environmental issues, labor and economic systems, tourism, immigration and migration, grassroots activism, and border security in our exploration of the complex relationship between these two countries and their citizens. Taught in English. CLA-Breadth/Interdisciplinary, CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 280 - DIS - On-Site Seminar

    4 credits
    Description Pending CLA-Off-Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 281 - Intermediate Spanish in Spain

    4 credits
    Continuation of the Spanish language sequence with a concentration on refinement of skills in written expression and spoken accuracy. Uses Hispanic cultural and literary texts to assist in vocabulary expansion and to develop techniques in mastering authentic language in context. Prerequisite: SPAN 102  or placement. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 299 - Spanish Across the Curriculum

    1-2 credits
    Foreign Languages Across the Curriculum is a tutorial program which seeks to enable students with at least intermediate level proficiency in a foreign language to access authentic materials in that language that are relevant to a cognate course. Students will use their acquired skills to read and interpret texts in the foreign language and/or conduct research in the language. Knowledge gained will be applied to the work of the cognate course. Amount of credit established at time of registration. Course may be repeated. Prerequisite: SPAN 201  or permission of the instructor. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 300 - Independent Studies in Spanish

    2-4 credits
    An opportunity for the Spanish major/minor to engage in independent investigation of significant cultural, linguistic, literary, or philosophical questions relative to the student’s field of interest. Students involved in concurrent study of related topic(s) meet regularly in conference groups. Amount of credit established at time of registration. Course may be repeated. Offered each semester. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 301 - Spanish Grammar

    4 credits
    This course is designed to improve the student’s accuracy and control of advanced grammatical modes in Spanish resulting in more precise articulation of ideas and opinions and other forms of self-expression. Class will emphasize proportionately the four skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening while using the most contemporary source materials such as magazines, reports, and films in Spanish. In addition, class will use internet sources and other technologies. Activities may include debates, speeches, interviews, reports, conversations, and dramatic skits. Prerequisite: SPAN 201  or placement. Offered every semester. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 303 - Spanish Grammar & Conversation for Heritage Learners

    4 credits
    This course is designed to further develop reading and writing skills and improve linguistic proficiency of heritage learnerse who learned Spanish at home or in their community. Stress on grammar control and expository writing, as well as implications of bicultural identity and recognition of regional linguistic variations. Students will become familiarized with grammatical terminology and also learn how to use writing conventions in Spanish. Students develop oral and written Spanish for academic and professional contexts. Prerequisite: SPAN 202 , placement or special permission. Offered every fall semester. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 306 - Spanish Conversation

    4 credits
    The course focuses on developing students’ conversational skills in Spanish through an emphasis on the use of spoken language within the contexts of Hispanic media and theater. Text-, audio-, and visual-based authentic materials as well as selected dramatic pieces in Spanish will provide the basis for oral discussion and exercises centered on improving pronunciation, developing an active vocabulary for use across different communicative contexts, and increasing the integration of all the language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing). Prerequisite: SPAN 301 , placement or special permission. Offered every semester. CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 308 - Spanish Composition

    4 credits
    This course provides a grammar review with special attention to the development of accurate oral and written expression. The objective of this course is to improve written proficiency. Emphasis on acquiring expressive vocabulary and knowing the rhetorical norms of different writing styles: academic writing, formal and informal correspondence, creative, argumentative, etc. Through daily written assignments, including exercises in translation, students should increase control of writing across various contexts. Prerequisite: SPAN 301  or SPAN 303 , placement, or special permission. Offered every semester. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 310 - Gateway to Hispanic Literature and Cultural Studies

    4 credits
    This course introduces students to the basic critical skills for literary and cultural analysis, develops reading fluency across genres (such as poetry, prose, and theatre) and literary periods, and examines interdisciplinary cultural discourses as connected to a topic or topics related to the Hispanic world. Representative works and products studied are placed within their historical, cultural and theoretical contexts. The course pays particular attention to the development of oral and written argumentation across cultural frameworks and perspectives. Emphasis is placed on oral interpretations and presentations, critical oral and written responses, as well as on the original application of critical methodologies in written work. Students will develop writing and research skills pertinent to future coursework in the discipline. Topics may rotate among the following: Gender and Representation in Hispanic Literatures and Film; Spain, Latin America, the U.S.: An Odyssey of Cultures; Short Fictions in the Spanish Speaking World; The Hispanic Imagination: Poetry and Narrative; Identity, Performance and Self-Representation in Spanish-Speaking Cultures; The Hispanic Novella Tradition from Cervantes to Garcia Marquez. Prerequisite: Completion of the advanced intermediate sequence, placement, or special permission. Offered every semester. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Writing in the Major
  
  • SPAN 312 - Love, Sex, and Spirituality in Early Modern Spain

    4 credits
    This course addresses the theme of love, both human and divine, as expressed in Spanish poetry, narrative, and drama from the late 15th to the early 17th centuries. Discussions of literary selections will address each work in its specific historical contexts during the early modern period, while also addressing the theories of love that inform these works. We will pay particular attention to the diverse modalities of amorous representations, both earthly and spiritual, as well as the roles of women as writers and characters. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 313 - Relationships, Marriage, and Romance in Hispanic Literatures and Film

    4 credits
    After providing a historical foundation, through representative texts and films this course traces the evolution of courtship and affective and institutional relationships, from the Golden Age to contemporary settings in the Hispanic world. Works studied are placed within their historical and theoretical contexts, in terms of public and private spaces, as well as power and dependency. We also consider the erosion of traditional values and mores as modern Hispanic culture has become more liberal and homogenized in industrial, globalized and media-saturated environments. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 320 - Memories and Migration: U.S. Latinos in Literature & Film

    4 credits
    This course studies works that follow the tradition of the (auto)biographical and life writings modes of self-representation as they examine the migration, dislocation and settlement in the U.S. of individuals and communities and their process of cultural negotiation and integration. We will focus on their discursive strategies in relation to the past, nostalgia and memory. We will engage these works with current social elements, such as mass media and local and national policies. Using postcolonial theories of discourse, we will also examine how these works situate themselves in light of emerging cultural identities and new cultural realignments. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity US; CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 325 - Young Writers, Neo-Realism & Urban Culture in the Hispanic World

    4 credits
    This course examines representative cultural production from a wave of young writers, filmmakers, and artists who have opted for a neo-realist aesthetic to represent current national and transnational realities. Focusing on movements like the Generacion X group in Spain and the McOndo and Crack groups in Latin America, the course explores the connections between this new production and urban identities. We pay special attention to the role of U.S. influences, audio-visual media, violence, disease, emerging marginalities, and rearticulated sexualities as elements of this new urban reality. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 326 - Self, Place & The Environment in the Hispanic World

    4 credits
    A study of the complex relationships between individuals and their physical environments, from the countryside to the jungle, in represenative literary works of the 19th and 20th centuries. We will address how interactions withp lace and geography become discursive tools by which to explore various social, cultural and national discourses. The manifestations and permutations of the environmental imagination across various literary movements, from Romanticism to Regionalism, are explored, while also addressing the role of eco-criticism within literary cultural studies. Prerequisite: SPAN 310 . CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 331 - Reading Nation, Gender and Ethnicity in Latin American Culture

    4 credits
    A multidisciplinary study of the discourses of gender and ethnicity during shifting moments of nation construction in Latin America after independence, revolution and modernization projects. Discourse analysis, gender and postcolonial theories will be applied to selected literary texts as well as to films, art movements, political manifestos, and national myths. SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 332 - Hispanic Cultures in U.S.: Colonial Spain, Ethnics, Post-Ethnics

    4 credits
    This course traces Hispanic cultural presence in North America through three key historical moments. Starting with Spain’s colonial expansion and cultural imprint in North America, followed by the 1848 transition of these territories to the U.S. and resulting cultural production, the course then focuses on the migrations and political exiles of the late 19th and the 20th century, the civil rights movement, contestatory writing and the rise of ethnic literatures and films in both Spanish and English. Lastly, the course views recent works by first- or second-generation authors who write in English, but occupy a space of enunciation that is neither Hispanic nor Anglo, but fluid, hybrid, and multicultural. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or permission of instructor. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 333 - Colonial/Postcolonial Encounters: Europe, Africa and the Americas

    4 credits
    This course focuses on the interdisciplinary aspects of literature and texts that represent colonial, neo-colonial and post-colonial encounters (Columbus and the “cannibals;” Malinche and Cortez; Pocahontas and John Smith; Prospero and Caliban; contemporary migrants and the immigration officials at the sea or land border of USA or Spain). Our task will be to discuss the notions of power and powerlessness, center and periphery, purity and hybridism, First and Third World, cultural identity and globalization that may be present in these encounters. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 334 - Cultures in Contact and Conflict in the Hispanic World

    4 credits
    This course explores the notions of cultural contact and conflict in several socio-geographic contexts in the Spanish-speaking world including: the U.S.-Mexico border region, indigenous and mestizo communities in Mexico and Central America, and the sociocultural and political influence of the U.S. in Puerto Rico. The course examines the concepts of cultural hybridity, contact and conflict, ethnicity and race, adaptation, and cultural/language contact. Course readings draw on a combination of historical analysis, ethnographic studies, autobiography, fiction, poetry, essays, and film in order explore the many manifestations of contact in these three unique contexts. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Interdisciplinary, CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 339 - War and Imagination: The Spanish Civil War

    4 credits
    The defining event of 20th-century Spain and a prelude to Europe’s Second World War, the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) captured world attention and the imagination of writers, artists, and workers. This course explores historical events that brought about the proclamation of the liberal Second Republic and the ensuing civil war resulting in the long-endured Fascist repression of Francisco Franco and the anti-Francoist guerrilla movement. This course also explores the role of the American Abraham Lincoln Brigade in his fight against fascism during and after the Spanish Civil War. Ideological and social changes (women, minorities, and language communities) are also investigated. This course also analyzes artistic production (literature, art, film, and music) in Spain and US (Hollywood) that shows the rhetoric of war and propaganda. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 345 - Cinematic Language: An Introduction to Spanish Filmic Discourse

    4 credits
    An advanced study of Spanish cinema and its cinematographic expression through a systematic analysis of the filmic processes. Based on four basic issues in Spanish films: hybridization; violence; sexual allure; and regional cinemas (Catalan and Basque), students will explore how language mechanisms - ellipsis, transitions, metaphors, symbols, dialogues, narrative processes, time and space are utilized by filmmakers to create unique discursive texts. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 350 - Selected Topics in Hispanic Studies

    2-4 credits
    A study of a topic or topics in a linguistic, cultural, or literary aspect of the Hispanic world not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish department. In any given semester the course may be offered as a single four-credit unit or divided into two separate topics, each carrying two credits. May be repeated for credit as topic changes.
  
  • SPAN 351 - Magical Realism to Globalization in Spanish-American Literature & Film

    4 credits
    A study of the major developments in Latin American literature and film in the past half century. First we concentrate on the literary aesthetics of the “Boom” - the movement that propelled Latin American literature into world recognition - and will consider theoretically the use of magical realism through close readings of representative canonical works. The second half of the course will center on the most recent prose and film of new generations of artists (such as the “McOndo” and “Crack Generation” movements, among others) depicting the impact of globalization, transnational forces, consumerism, migrations, and external influences upon Latin American identity. Taught in English. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity International
  
  • SPAN 352 - African Roots of the Americas

    4 credits
    A study of the many contributions that African Diaspora added to the richness of the present-day cultures of Latin America, Brazil and the Spanish Caribbean. The course will emphasize the influences that the African cultures have had in areas such as the language, economy, religion, music, art, dance and gastronomy. In addition to literary selections, readings in socio-historical sources, films and other art forms will be introduced and discussed. Taught in English.
  
  • SPAN 353 - Latinos in the US: Images of Self and Family

    4 credits
    This course will focus on visual and textual representations of Latinos, representing the individual and the family, both by the hegemonic media and by members of these communities. We will follow a multidisciplinary approach as we trace the development of Latinos in Hollywood cinema, television, re-construct representations in newspapers and the general media and place them in historical context. We will engage these texts in a dialogue with contestatory and revisionist representations in film, literature, and other popular forms from within the community. Taught in English. Check department listings. CLA - Breadth/Humanities; CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 354 - Gender in Contemporary Hispanic Fiction and Film

    4 credits
    This course provides a broad understanding of how gender and sexuality are articulated in fiction, film and other images in the Spanish-speaking world today. We approach these texts using multidisciplinary approaches, and examine their intersection with race, class and Hispanic cultural values and traditions. It will be organized thematically and by region to better understand the diversity of the Hispanic world. Using recent theoretical approaches (feminist, post-feminist, queer), we will study various gender representations (male, female, performative) as we elaborate on issues of authorship, representation and reception. Taught in English. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Diversity International
  
  • SPAN 355 - Sociolinguistic Theory and Method

    4 credits
    This course explores how language shapes the ways people communicate and how language forms social identities and influences group membership. It examines the cultural beliefs and ideologies embedded in language and how they inform the organization of society. The course will explore topics such as language and power, linguistic ideologies, language socialization, language and identity, linguistic variation, and linguistic ethnography. This course puts linguist theory into practice through the exploration and application of theory from the fields of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Students will learn the theory and method of linguistic research and collect original data for analysis. 
    Taught in English. Prerequisite: LING 101 , or LING 220 , or ENGL 220 , or ANTH 104 , or SPAN 310 , or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Social Science, CLA-Diversity US
  
  • SPAN 363 - History of the Spanish Language

    4 credits
    An advanced study of the Spanish language examining its history and development from Latin to the phonological and syntactic descriptions found in present-day usage. Topics include comparative data on Spanish-American and peninsular Spanish, dialectology, sociolinguistics, and idiomatic usage. Linguistic study as applied to literature and pedagogical implications is explored. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or concurrent registration with SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Humanities, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 364 - Introduction to Spanish Linguistics

    4 credits
    This survey course introduces the primary fields of Spanish linguistics including: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, historical linguistics, and sociolinguistics. We will examine the terminology and theoretical frameworks used in each field for the analysis of the Spanish language. Students will put linguistic theory to practice through the completion of exercises and the analysis of speech and text. We will also examine the social contexts that structure the use of language and its speakers by exploring the Spanish language in various settings around the world. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or concurrent registration with SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Social Science, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 365 - Spanish Sociolinguistics

    4 credits
    This course will familiarize students with issues of language use in context in Spanish-speaking communities around the world. Students will learn the field’s main findings and methods for sociolinguistic analysis. They will become familiar with concepts such as linguistic variation, linguistic change, standard vs. non-prestigious varieties, bilingualism, diglossia, language attitudes, language planning, and conversation analysis. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or concurrent registration with SPAN 310  or by special permission. CLA-Breadth/Social Science, CLA-Diversity International, CLA-Writing Intensive, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 366 - Advanced Expression and Stylistics

    4 credits
    An advanced course in creative writing. Based on the practices of creative writing in different genres and subgenres, translations, and oral production, students will refine their linguistic skills and work towards acquiring a personal style across written contexts. Students will also work toward the development of critical thinking skills when creating new texts. Prerequisite: Gateway course or concurrent registration with Gateway course or special permission. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or concurrent registration with SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Breadth/Arts, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 375 - Community Based Learning: The U.S. Latino/a Experience

    4 credits
    This course explores the experiences of the Latino/a community in the U.S. by examining regional and national trends in topics such as immigration, labor, family, community, cultural adaption, education and language. Students engage in critical, reflexive thinking and civic responsibility through their participation in a community-based learning project. Students will learn about Latinos/as in various social settings and the impact they have on communities where they live. This course will be complemented by an off-campus component in collaboration with a community partner. Students will partner with organizations that serve the local Latino/a community, and will examine their role and responsibility in relation to issues of citizenship, social and economic justice, and social change. Prerequisite: SPAN 310 , or concurrent registration with SPAN 310 , or special permission. CLA-Diversity US, CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 377 - Selected Topics in Hispanic Literature and Cultural Studies

    2-4 credits
    The study of a topic or topics related to a literary or cultural aspect of the Hispanic world not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish department. In any given semester the course may be offered as a single four-credit unit or divided into two separate topics, each carrying two credits. Taught in Spanish. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 378 - Selected Topics in Spanish Language and Linguistics

    2-4 credits
    The study of a topic or topics in Spanish language and linguistics not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish department. In any given semester the course may be offered as a single four-credit unit or divided into two separate topics, each carrying two credits. Amount of credit established at the time of registration. Taught in Spanish. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Prerequisite: SPAN 310   or ocncurrent registration with SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 379 - Doing Business in the Hispanic World

    4 credits
    This course is designed to give students of Spanish a foundation in business vocabulary, basic business and cultural concepts as well as an in-depth reflection of what it means to do business in a variety of culturally diverse Hispanic countries. This perspective is conducted through literary readings, contemporary and historical comparisons, mass media analysis, and linguistic descriptions of products or brand names. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  or concurrent registration with SPAN 310  or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 380 - Selected Topics in Hispanic Studies in Spain

    4 credits
    A study of a topic or topics in a linguistic, cultural, or literary aspect of the Hispanic world not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish department. Papers and course work are completed in English. Recommended for students taking SPAN 181 , SPAN 182 , and SPAN 281  while studying in the Barcelona Summer Program. CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 381 - Selected Topics in Hispanic Literature and Cultural Studies in Spain

    4 credits
    The study of a topic or topics related to a literary or cultural aspect of the Hispanic world not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish department. Papers and course work are completed in Spanish. Recommended for students taking SPAN 382  while studying in the Barcelona Summer Program. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 382 - Selected Topics in Spanish Language and Linguistics in Spain

    4 credits
    The study of a topic or topics in Spanish language and linguistics not covered by the current offerings of the Spanish department. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 201 , or place, or special permission. CLA-Foreign Language, CLA-Off Campus Experience
  
  • SPAN 394 - Hispanic Studies Seminar

    4 credits
    An advanced seminar on a topic relating to the linguistics, culture, and/or literature of the Hispanic world. Emphasis on research and critical thinking. Required of all majors not completing an Honors thesis. Seminars may rotate among the following topics: Diaspora and Space in Hispanic Fiction and Film; Transatlantic Exchanges - A Cultural Food History from 1492 to the Present; Exclusions, Exiles and Displacements in the Spanish-Speaking World; The Filmic Discourse of Contemporary Spain; Language and Nationalism. Taught in Spanish. May be repeated for credit as topic changes. Prerequisite: SPAN 310  and at least one advanced elective taught in Spanish or special permission. Offered every semester. CLA-Foreign Language
  
  • SPAN 400 - Hispanic Studies Senior Capstone

    1 credits
    The Capstone is the culmination of a student’s work in the Spanish major. Required of all majors during their senior year. It is a summative experience of the skills and approaches acquired by an undergraduate student throughout the major in correspondence with National Standards. It will consist of three components: • An oral defense of an Honors Thesis or a revised research paper drawing on the work, content and methodologies from one of the Hispanic Studies Seminars regularly offered by the Spanish department, or from the work of an undefended Honors Thesis in Spanish. In consultation with Spanish Department faculty, students will complete revisions and any further research/expansion of the paper, and also prepare to present that research to peers and faculty members at the Spanish Department’s Hispanic Studies Colloquium – a public forum showcasing the research of graduating Spanish majors • Completion of an oral proficiency exam.• Completion of a writing proficiency exam. Prerequisite: SPAN 394 , or concurrent registration with SPAN 394 . CLA-Capstone
  
  • SPAN 410 - Specialized Honors I

    0 - 8 credits
    CLA-Capstone, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPAN 411 - Specialized Honors II

    0-8 credits
    CLA-Capstone, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPCH 101 - Speech Fundamentals

    4 credits
    Provides students with a variety of extemporaneous and impromptu speaking experiences, which develop the student’s skills in the organization, content, and delivery of public communication. Includes some vocal exercise work to help train the speaker to better understand, use, and control the voice and body in performance. Overall aim is to help students feel more confident in their ability to “think on their feet” and present ideas in a clear and interesting manner. Offered every semester. CLA-Breadth/Arts
  
  • SPCH 301 - Advanced Speech

    4 credits
    Designed for the serious student who wishes to excel in oral communication. Builds on previous experience with extemporaneous and impromptu speaking to give each student practice at speech-making that is specialized to his/her career plans. Emphasizes careful crafting of speeches, debate, fielding questions, leading panel discussions, making an impact in two minutes, and holding interest in longer presentations. Uses video resources to tape and analyze performances. Students are required to attend selected speeches given on campus. Prerequisite: SPCH 101  or equivalent and permission of instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration.
  
  • SPCH 410 - Specialized Honors I

    0 - 8 credits
    CLA-Capstone, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • SPCH 411 - Specialized Honors II

    0 - 8 credits
    CLA-Capstone, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • THEA 100 - Introduction to Theatre Arts

    4 credits
    An introduction to the theory and practice of the theatre and its arts and crafts: acting, directing, playwriting, design, production/administration. Combines background and theory for each discipline with work on creative projects that demonstrate and implement the theories and principles. Requires no previous theatrical experience.
  
  • THEA 101 - The Art of the Play

    4 credits
    A survey of major works of the theatrical repertoire with special emphasis on understanding play construction and developing an analytical process that inspires and facilitates translation of dramatic writing into theatrical presentation. Offered every semester. CLA-Breadth/Arts
  
  • THEA 105 - Introduction to Theatre Arts

    4 credits
    An introduction to the theory and practice of the theatre and its arts and crafts: acting, directing, playwriting, design, production/administration. Combines background and theory for each discipline with work on creative projects that demonstrate and implement the theories and principles. Requires no previous theatrical experience.
  
  • THEA 120 - Theatre Technology

    4 credits
    An introduction to the theory, techniques, materials, and equipment of theatre technology. Focuses on the principles and practice of set and costume construction, scenery painting, the nature and use of electricity, lighting, and sound equipment, tools and their safe usage, technical production organization and management. Lecture format with extensive practical laboratory work. Corequisite: Must register for Thea 25L. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered every semester. CLA-Breadth/Arts
  
  • THEA 130 - Introduction to Acting and Public Performance

    4 credits
    A study of the fundamentals of acting and how performance skills can be applied to other forms of public expression, such as making speeches, presenting reports, doing church readings, etc. Includes various techniques in preparing a role and developing such skills as relaxation, concentration, rehearsal and performance practices, vocal and movement work, building a character and working with a director. Practical application of these techniques and skills through classroom work with monologues as scenes. Open to those with no theatrical experience as well as those who have acted before.
  
  • THEA 135 - Acting and Directing

    4 credits
    A laboratory course in the basic theories and techniques of acting and directing. Extensive scene work, class exercises, and written analyses. Each student directs two scenes and acts in at least four. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered every semester. CLA-Breadth/Arts
  
  • THEA 200 - The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey Apprenticeship/ Internship

    4 credits
    A full-time apprenticeship or internship lasting from early May through late August with the Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey. The specifics of each assignment are determined by the department, the Shakespeare Theatre, and the individual student. The apprentice program is designed for students with little experience and a primary interest in acting. Apprentices receive intensive training in scene study, voice and movement, and have broad exposure to all aspects of theatre production, gaining valuable knowledge and experience in each. The internship program is designed for more advanced students interested in developing their knowledge and skills in a specific, non-acting area, such as set, lighting, or costume design, directing, stage management, general management, publicity, and box office. Requirements include the keeping of a journal that records the student’s day-to-day activities and experiences, a detailed written summary of the entire apprenticeship/internship, and a creative project. All work must be completed before the student finishes the program. Exact completion date and nature of the creative project are determined in consultation with the Shakespeare Theatre and the Drew faculty adviser. Drew students receiving four credits for THEA+191S can apply only four additional credits of internship (INTC 200 ) toward the degree. Additional tuition required when taken during summer. Signature of instructor required for registration.
  
  • THEA 201 - 9th and Madison Summer Theatre Intensive

    6 credits
  
  • THEA 205 - Performing Arts Administration

    4 credits
    An introduction to the basic cultural role, issues, structures, operations, and personnel of performing arts (music and theatre) organizations, focusing primarily on the non-profit sector. Contextual subjects will include: an arts institution’s role in and responsibility to its community; government’s role in the arts; issues of control and power within the organization. Specific topics will include: types of organizations and organizational structures; marketing, publicity and public relations; fundraising, donor relations, grant writing; long-range planning. Prerequisite: At least 8 credits in Theatre Arts or Music. Same as: MUS 270 .
  
  • THEA 210 - Theatre History I: Origins to the Renaissance

    4 credits
    An examination of the development of Western theatre from its origins through the Greeks, Romans, Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Restoration, in relation to culture and society. Also includes study of Asian theatre, including Japanese Noh theatre. Gives consideration to plays, criticism, theatres, audiences, performers, styles, and conventions of theatrical production. Prerequisite: THEA 101 . Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered fall semester. CLA-Writing in the Major
  
  • THEA 220 - Theatre Design

    4 credits
    An introduction to the theory, process, and techniques of set, lighting, and costume design. Students will learn how to create and express information in 3 dimensions using, established drafting practices, creating scale models, drawings, and light plots. Painting and rendering techniques will be explored in costume and set renderings. The course will also include principles and dynamics of design, the development of a design concept, script analysis from the designer’s perspective, and color theory. Lecture/lab format. Prerequisite: THEA 101 , THEA 120  or equivalent and permission of instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered each semester. CLA-Quantitative
  
  • THEA 225 - Scene Painting

    2 credits
    The art of scenic painting, examining a wide variety of painting techniques used in the theatre. Each student completes several scenic painting projects. May be repeated once for credit. Prerequisite: THEA 120  and permission of instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration.
  
  • THEA 232 - Actor’s Lab: Monologues I

    2 credits
    A course geared to the actor’s individual skills, to strengthen performance in monologues. Students will work with contemporary plays, developing character, emotional truth, and physical action. Course may be repeated. Prerequisite: THEA 135 . Signature of instructor required for registration.
  
  • THEA 233 - Actors’ Lab: Scenes I

    2 credits
    A course geared to the actor’s individual skills, to strengthen performance in scene study. Students will work with contemporary plays, developing character, emotional truth, and physical action. Course may be repeated. Prerequisite: THEA 135 . Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered spring semester.
  
  • THEA 235 - Movement for the Actor

    2 credits
    Acting students will work carefully and in-depth to develop the unique qualities necessary for expert stage performance, beginning with relaxation, balance, alignment and coordination, and extending to sophisticated use of the physical instrument to interpret a variety of characters and styles. Dedicated techniques such as the Feldenkrais and/or Alexander Methods will be studied and applied, offering each participant an individualized approach to body awareness and forming the “mind-body” connection necessary for excellence in dramatic performance. Classes will involve both personalized exercises and the physical interpretation dramatic material. Enrollment priority: Second-year students. Prerequisite: THEA 135 . Signature of instructor required for registration.
  
  • THEA 236 - The Actor’s Voice

    2 credits
    Serious students of acting will explore techniques to free and enhance the natural speaking voice for performance in a full range of classical and modern drama. Classes will employ a rigorous technique such as the Linklater system to promote relaxation, breath control, production, articulation and emotional connectedness. Drills, poetry and dramatic monologue work done in this class (offered the first half of each semester) will lead students directly into THEA 232 / Actor’s Lab: Monologues (offered in the second half of each semester). Prerequisite: THEA 135 . Signature of instructor of program director required.
  
  • THEA 245 - Intermediate Directing

    4 credits
    A study of the theory and practice of directing, from the selection of a play through casting, rehearsals, and performance. Emphasizes script analysis and how one translates the playwright’s vision into theatrical reality. Coursework includes written assignments and scene projects that help students better understand the art and craft of directing while developing and refining skills and techniques in the discipline. Signature of instructor required for registration. Prerequisite: THEA 220  (can be taken at the same time), THEA 135 , and permission of instructor. Prerequisite: THEA 135  and permission from instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered spring semester.
  
  • THEA 255 - Playwriting

    4 credits
    Writing the one-act play from rough draft through polished revision. Exercises in characterization, plot, setting, dialogue, theme, metaphor and dramatic structure. Course focuses on developing material based on observation, adaptation, and imagination through the use of journals, newspapers and improvisation. Class meetings focus on the reading and discussion of student work and selected published plays. Prerequisite: THEA 101  and permission of instructor. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered every semester. CLA-Writing in the Major
  
  • THEA 262 - African-American Theatre

    2-4 credits
    This class will chart African-American theatre from minstrelsy to contemporary performance. Throughout the course we will investigate the relationship between African-American theatre and the American socio-political landscape: How does theatre both reflect and shape its time period? How is African-American theatre influenced by or a reaction against theatre created by White artists? The texts examined will also be used to explore some fundamental questions about the nature and purpose of theatre: How have various African-American artists opened up new terrain both socially and aesthetically? Is theatre a form of entertainment or social protest or ritual? How can these forms be combined? In addition, we will look at the kinds of relationships explored in the plays: What types of racial or ethnic relationships are depicted? What about gender, sexual orientation, and class? Finally, we will examine the role of the African-American artist: How does one define African-American theatre-is. Meets: Once a week for the entire semester. CLA-Diversity US, CLA-Writing Intensive
  
  • THEA 264 - Show: Business

    2 credits
    A dramatic literature seminar exploring how modern theatre looks at ways of doing business, from Naturalism (Hauptman’s The Weavers) through Expressionism (Treadwell’s Machinal), Epic theatre (Brecht’s Mother Courage) and Realism (Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People). The intersection of race, gender and economy will be examined in works ranging from Shaw’s Major Barbara to Anna Deveare Smith’s Twilight. Videos may include such work as The Cradle Will Rock, Death of a Salesman and Raisin in the Sun. Students will examine readings through written analysis and group discussion. Signature of instructor required for registration. Offered in alternate years. CLA-Breadth/Arts
 

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